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Glossary |
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Glossary - R |
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Radiation
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Radiation- a variety of types of energy, such as X-rays and ultraviolet
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Radiation therapy
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Radiation therapy- treatment of a disease, such as cancer, using forms of radioactivity that damage or destroy abnormal cells
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Radiculopathy
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Radiculopathy- any disease of the nerve roots; can be caused by disk prolapse, arthritis, and other problems
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Radiography
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Radiography- the formation of images of the inside of the body using radiation projected through the body and onto film; a radiograph is also called an X-ray
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Radionuclide scanning
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Radionuclide scanning- an imaging technique in which a radioactive substance is introduced into the body and its emitted radiation is detected; specific organs can be studied according to the amount of the radioactive substance that they absorb
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Rash
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Rash- an area of inflammation or a group of spots on the skin
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Raynaud's disease
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Raynaud's disease- a condition in which the fingers and toes become pale when exposed to cold or emotional stress, owing to sudden narrowing of the arteries that supply them with blood
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Receptor
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Receptor- a nerve cell that responds to a stimulus and produces a nerve impulse; also refers to the area on the surface of a cell that a chemical must bind to in order to have its effect
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Red blood cell
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Red blood cell- a doughnut-shaped blood cell that carries oxygen from the lungs to body tissues
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Refined Carbohydrates
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Refined Carbohydrates- A term used for cereals with low dietary fibre content, sugar, white flour and polished rice are examples of refined carbohydrates.
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Reflux esophagitis
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Reflux esophagitis- the backflow of gastric acid from the stomach to the lower esophagus, owing to a defect in the valve that separates them
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Refsum's disease
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Refsum's disease- Caused by a defect in the enzyme systems responsible for the metabolism of phytanic acid found in fish and dairy produce. It manifest itself from the age of 4 to 20. Symptoms vary, but include night blindness & clumsy, uncoordinated movement. It is terated by a rigid diet designed to reduce or eliminate phytanic acid.
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Regurgitation
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Regurgitation- the backflow of fluid; can refer to food and drink flowing back up from the stomach into the mouth or blood flowing back into the heart through a defective heart valve
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Rehabilitation
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Rehabilitation- treatment for an injury or illness aimed at restoring physical abilities
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Relapse
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Relapse- the return of a disease or symptom after it had disappeared
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REM sleep
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REM sleep- rapid eye movement sleep; the stage of sleep in which dreaming occurs
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Remission
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Remission- the temporary disappearance of a disease or its symptoms, either partially or completely; also refers to the time period in which this occurs
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Renal cell carcinoma
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Renal cell carcinoma- the most common type of kidney cancer
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Renal colic
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Renal colic- severe pain on one side of the lower back, usually as a result of a kidney stone
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Renal tubular acidosis
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Renal tubular acidosis- inability of the kidneys to remove sufficient amounts of acid from the body, making the blood more acidic than normal
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